Daqui a alguns anos, as pessoas dirão que a internet quântica nasceu hoje. Quando o sistema recém-nascido amadurecer, poderá processar uma quantidade incomensurável de dados e jamais ser invadido.
O sistema tem apenas dois nós, mas a internet surgiu de forma parecida na década de 60. Seus criadores, físicos orientados por Stephan Ritter e Gerhard Rempe, do Instituto Max-Planck de Óptica Quântica, na Alemanha, publicaram na edição desta semana da revista “Nature”.
A rede quântica foi construída com dois átomos de rubídio que trocam fótons, ou partículas de luz. Cada átomo é inserido em uma cavidade com espelhos de alta reflexão e são separados por uma distância muito pequena. As duas cavidades ópticas, como são denominadas, são conectadas por uma fibra óptica.
Os cientistas acionam um laser sobre o primeiro átomo, que faz com que emita um único fóton. Este percorre a fibra óptica e chega à cavidade óptica onde está o outro átomo. É aí que entram os espelhos, já que normalmente é difícil obter uma interacção confiável entre um átomo e um fóton. No entanto, ao fazer o fóton ricochetear milhares de vezes dentro da cavidade, as chances de atingir o átomo e ser absorvido por ele aumentam. Essa absorção é o que transmite a informação sobre o estado quântico do primeiro átomo para o segundo.
Além de enviar informações, os dois átomos “entrelaçam-se”, ou seja, conectam-se. Se o primeiro nó está no estado quântico A, por exemplo, o segundo nó também estará no estado quântico A. Nesse experimento, os átomos ficaram entrelaçados 100 microssegundos – um período significativo na física quântica.
Este entrelaçamento é o que impossibilita o ataque de hackers a um computador quântico. Assim que um hacker tenta invadir uma rede quântica, os estados dos átomos tornar-se-iam incompatíveis, um sinal de alerta de que algo está mal.
Ainda há um longo caminho a ser percorrido até a criação de uma rede quântica em grande escala, mas o primeiro passo já foi dado.
Years from now, people will say that the quantum internet was born today. When the system newborns mature, may render an immeasurable amount of data and never be invaded.
The system has only two nodes, but the Internet has emerged in a similar fashion in the 60s. Its creators, driven by physical Stephan Ritter and Gerhard Rempe, Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Germany, published in this week's journal "Nature."
The quantum network was built with two rubidium atoms that exchange photons, or particles of light. Each atom is inserted into a cavity mirrors with high reflectivity and are separated by a very small distance. The two optical cavities as they are called, are connected by an optical fiber.
Scientists have a trigger on the first atom laser, which causes emitting a single photon. This runs along the fiber and reaches the optical cavity where the other atom. That's where the mirrors, as it usually is difficult to obtain a reliable interaction between an atom and a photon. However, by making the photon bouncing thousands of times within the cavity, the chances of reaching the atom and is absorbed by it increases. This absorption is what conveys information about the quantum state of the first atom to the second.
In addition to sending information, the two atoms "intertwine", ie connect. If the first node is in the quantum state, for example, the second node will also be in the quantum state A. In this experiment, the atoms become entangled 100 microseconds - a significant part in quantum physics.
This twist is what makes it impossible for hackers to attack a quantum computer. Once a hacker tries to invade a quantum network, the states of the atoms would become incompatible, a warning sign that something is wrong.
There is still a long way to go until the creation of a quantum network on a large scale, but the first step has been taken.
The system has only two nodes, but the Internet has emerged in a similar fashion in the 60s. Its creators, driven by physical Stephan Ritter and Gerhard Rempe, Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Germany, published in this week's journal "Nature."
The quantum network was built with two rubidium atoms that exchange photons, or particles of light. Each atom is inserted into a cavity mirrors with high reflectivity and are separated by a very small distance. The two optical cavities as they are called, are connected by an optical fiber.
Scientists have a trigger on the first atom laser, which causes emitting a single photon. This runs along the fiber and reaches the optical cavity where the other atom. That's where the mirrors, as it usually is difficult to obtain a reliable interaction between an atom and a photon. However, by making the photon bouncing thousands of times within the cavity, the chances of reaching the atom and is absorbed by it increases. This absorption is what conveys information about the quantum state of the first atom to the second.
In addition to sending information, the two atoms "intertwine", ie connect. If the first node is in the quantum state, for example, the second node will also be in the quantum state A. In this experiment, the atoms become entangled 100 microseconds - a significant part in quantum physics.
This twist is what makes it impossible for hackers to attack a quantum computer. Once a hacker tries to invade a quantum network, the states of the atoms would become incompatible, a warning sign that something is wrong.
There is still a long way to go until the creation of a quantum network on a large scale, but the first step has been taken.
Fonte: http://pplware.sapo.pt/
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